Hieronymus Bosch was an Early Netherlandish painter known for his fantastical, surreal, and often disturbing imagery. Active during the late Middle Ages, he created complex moral and religious scenes filled with hybrid creatures, dreamlike landscapes, and vivid depictions of heaven and hell.

He is considered one of the most original and visionary artists in Western art history. Bosch broke away from the calm, idealized religious imagery of his time. Instead, he showed chaotic visions of humanity’s moral struggles. His imaginative worlds influenced later artists like Pieter Bruegel the Elder and even modern movements such as Surrealism.

Today, many of his masterpieces are housed in the Museo del Prado in Madrid, which holds the largest collection of his works.

Most Famous Works

• The Garden of Earthly Delights (c. 1490–1510)
• The Last Judgment
• The Haywain Triptych
• The Temptation of St. Anthony

In the Hell panel of The Garden of Earthly Delights, Bosch painted a tortured sinner with musical notes written on his bare backside.

In 2014, a student actually transcribed those notes into modern notation — and yes… it produces real music. The piece is now nicknamed “The 600-Year-Old Butt Song from Hell.”